NATO, sinisikap na mai-secure ang Baltic Sea sa gitna ng mga paratang ng sabotahe

Members of the German Navy operate a submarine drone onboard German mine hunter FGS Weilheim during NATO exercise Freezing Winds 24, led by the Finnish Navy, in the Baltic Sea in Turku, Finland, November 20, 2024. REUTERS/Anne Kauranen/File Photo

Noong Nov. 18, ilang oras matapos masira ang dalawang communication cables sa Baltic Sea, 30 NATO vessels at 4,000 military staff ang nagtungo sa lugar para sa isa sa pinakamalaking naval exercises ng northern Europe.

Ang 12-araw na day ‘Freezing Winds’ drill ay bahagi ng pagsisikap na mapahusay pa ang pagbibigay ng transatlantic defence alliance ng proteksiyon sa imprastraktura sa mga katubigan na ang 15% ay ginagamit bilang global shipping traffic, at nakikitang lubhang lantas sa mga pag-atake.

German warship FGS Weilheim and other warships of NATO allies are docked during NATO exercise Freezing Winds 24, led by the Finnish Navy, in the Baltic Sea in Turku, Finland, November 20, 2024. REUTERS/Anne Kauranen/FIle Phot

Walong NATO countries at Russia ang may hangganan o boder sa Baltic Sea. At nagkaroon na ng hindi bababa sa tatlong insidente ng posibleng sabotahe sa 40-odd telecommunication cables at critical gas pipelines na nasa kahabaan ng medyo mababaw na seabed simula noong 2022, nang salakayin ng Russia ang Ukraine.

Ayon kay Commander Arlo Abrahamson, isang tagapagsalita para sa Allied Maritime Command ng NATO, “NATO is stepping up patrols, allies are investing in innovative technologies that can help better secure these assets. Yet the ease with which a ship’s anchor can slice through a cable, coupled with the often-treacherous sea conditions, makes actual prevention of such attacks almost impossible.”

Sa ikatlong araw ng exercise, tinangka ng German Navy commander na si Beata Król na maglunsad ng isang underwater drone mula sa kaniyang de-mining vessel, ang Weilheim, upang inspeksiyunin ang seabed habang nananalasa ang isang winter storm.

A submarine drone is seen during NATO exercise Freezing Winds 24, led by the Finnish Navy, in the Baltic Sea in Turku, Finland, November November 20, 2024. Finnish Defence Forces/Handout via REUTERS/FIle Photo

Pagkatapos na ma-delay ang paglulunsad ng 30-minuto, naging frozen na ang drone at ayaw nang mag-operate. Ayon kay Król, “The batteries got cold.”

Sa loob ng ilang taong pag-detonate sa World War Two-era mines sa Baltic seabed, ni-repurpose ng NATO ang kanilang six-vessel minehunting fleet upang magmonitor na rin ng mga kahina-hinalang underwater activity, kung saan ang kanilang hull-mounted sonar ang nagsasagawa ng scanning sa seabed, kasama ng specialist divers. Subalit limitado pa rin ang kanilang kapangyarihan.

Sinabi ni Król, “We are a defensive alliance, so by conducting training and exercising, also in areas which are crucial with underwater infrastructure, we show presence and prevent rather than actively engage.”

Ayon sa security sources, ang Chinese bulk carrier na Yi Peng 3, na umalis sa Russian port ng Ust-Luga noong Nov. 15, ang responsable sa pagkasira ng dalawang undersea cables sa Swedish economic waters sa pagitan ng Nov. 17 ay 18 sa pamamagitan ng paghila ng kanilang anchor sa seabed.

Hanggang nitong Lunes, ito ay nakatigil lamang sa Danish economic waters at binabantayan ng naval ships ng NATO members, makaraang pabalikin ng Sweden para maimbestigahan. Inakusahan ito ng ilang pulitiko ng pananabotahe, ngunit walang awtoridad na nagpakita ng katibayan na sinadya ang mga aksyon nito.

Ayon sa China, handa ito na tumulong sa imbestigasyon, habang tumanggi naman ang Russia na may kinalaman ito sa alinmang Baltic infrastructure incidents.

A navy diver of the Latvian Armed Forces takes part in NATO exercise Freezing Winds 24, led by the Finnish Navy, in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, Finland, November 23, 2024. Finnish Defence Forces/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo

Sinabi naman ng US-based telecom research firm na TeleGeography, “Damage to cables is not new. Globally, around 150 are damaged each year, according to the UK-based International Cable Protection Committee. The telecoms cables, power lines and gas pipes in the shallow Baltic are particularly vulnerable due to its very intense ship traffic.”

Kung ang alinman sa mga kamakailang insidente ay mapatunayang sabotahe gawa ng ibang bansa, ito ay tanda ng pagbabalik ng isang uri ng giyera na hindi na nakitang nangyari sa loob ng mga dekada.

Ayon kay Paul Brodsky, isang senior researcher at TeleGeography, “You should go back to World War One or the American-Spanish war to find a state-sponsored sabotage of a submarine cable.”

At upang mapigilan ang potensiyal na banta, noong Mayo ay binuksan ng NATO ang kanilang Maritime Centre for Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure (CUI) sa London, na ang layunin ay i-mapa ang lahat ng mga kritikal na imprastraktura sa NATO-controlled waters at tukuyin ang identify weak spots.

Sa Rostock, sa Baltic coast ng Germany, isang multinational naval headquarters ang binuksan noong Oktubre upabng protektahan ang interes sa karagatan ng NATO members.

Ayon sa CUI Branch Head na si Commander Pal Bratbak, “What I think we can achieve is to place the responsibility after an incident,” at binigyang-diin ang lumalawak na kapangyarihan ng teknolohiya.

Members of the German Navy operate a submarine drone onboard German mine hunter FGS Weilheim during NATO exercise Freezing Winds 24, led by the Finnish Navy, in the Baltic Sea in Turku, Finland, November 20, 2024. REUTERS/Anne Kauranen/File Photo

Ang Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation ng NATO sa Italy, ay maglulunsad ng software na magko-combine sa private at military data at imagery mula sa hydrophones, radars, satellites, vessels’ Automatic Identification System (AIS) at fibres na may with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), na ginagamit ng private telecom companies para i-localise ang cuts sa kanilang cables.

Ani Bratbak, “If we have a good picture of what’s going on, then we can deploy units to verify what the system tells us.”

Sinabi naman ni German Lieutenant-General Hans-Werner Wiermann, na nanguna sa isang undersea infrastructure coordination cell sa NATO Headquarters hanggang noong Marso, walang pipeline o cable na maaaring bantayan sa lahat ng oras.

Aniya, “The right response to such hybrid attacks is resilience, companies were already laying cables to add “redundancies,” spare routings that will allow critical pieces of infrastructure to keep working if one cable is cut.”

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